Struga Throughout The Centuries
As for the cultural history of the town of Struga and the region of Struga there are artefacts even from the Neolithic period. The artefacts indisputably show that Struga is a settlement that dates and exists from Neolithic period till today such are found on the site where the river Crn Drim flows out of LakeOhrid and in the area near by, as a result of the researches that lasted for more then a decade.
Settlement Vrbnik is mentioned located 1200m far from the river Crn Drim, as an extendion of the town of Struga.
This settlement confirms the oldest traces and proofs of the fishermen tradition that is still in practise in this region. According to the archaeological excavations it is determined that this rare ancient settlement existed since the I-sty millennium B.C. till the early Iron Age.
All this is a confirmation of the rich cultural heritage of this area and the age of the town of Struga.
THE CHURCH OF ST. GJORGIJA
The church of ‘St. Gjorgija’ in Struga, dedicated to St. George the martyr, is the only cathedral church in the town. It is located in the western part of the town, once recognized as the Christian part of the town, now taking the central part of the town.
Its patron is the second day of the religious holiday called “Gjurgovden” and it is the oldest liturgical place in town where church service is being held. The church impresses with its dimensions, which become more noticeable from its inside, and especially with its acoustics.
The oldest known painting in it is the icon of ‘St. Gjorgija’, which dates back to 1267. The icon of ‘St. Gjorgija’ shows the frontally painted patron of this esteemed church in Struga in his full dimension, holding a sword and a spear in his hands.
A procession dedicated to ‘St. Gjorgija’, patron of the church, is being held on 6th and 7th of May (a day called “Gjurgovden”), as one of the many traditional events preserved in the town.
Another traditional event, called “Vodici”, is being celebrated on 19th of January every year. The event is distinguished by blessing the waters of the Crni Drim River, which is traditionally manifested by throwing a cross into the water and it is attended by the entire population and it is a holiday for the town.
THE CHURCH OF ST. NIKOLA DRIMENI
The church of St. Nikola Drimeni is located on the left bank of the river Crn Drim. While the church was being built, the foundations of the old church were found but there was no information about its appearance. Its patron is celebrated on 19 December when a religious mass is regularly performed.
It is believed that the first church of St. Nikola Drimeni was built in the old town of Struga, which is believed to be located on a 15 minutes walk south-west from today’s church, on the lake shore, where there was some kind of “paraklis”- a small church. People say that the old town was called Drimeni and it was a large town with 16000 houses and 24 churches, with a square and palaces on posts. And even today when the water of the lake is clear, the paved streets and walls can be seen though the water. It is assumed that the name of the church of St. Nikola Drimeni has derived from this settlement’ name.
THE HELVETI TEKE
There are public and religious Muslim buildings, built during the Otoman Empire.
"Helveti teke" is located close to the center of Struga and is built in the beginning of 18 century by Hasan Baba. The five rooms that form the letter T consist of: a praying room that has a "minaret" and a balcony, a coffee room, a summer room and a reception room... The minaret has an eight-ribbed shape which are presents the Shah’s crown, and at the same time it symbolizes the eight doors of heaven.
This is the place where Muslims gather to celebrate their religious holidays Kurban Bajram and Ramazan Bajram.
Another important Islamic building is the Amam, a traditional oriental public bath located close to the centre of the town.
THE CHURCH OF ST. BOGORODICA - THE MONASTERY OF KALISHTA
The monastery complex located close to the village of Kalishta built in the recent history consists of the monastery Kalishta with the monastery church dedicated to the Holy Mother (St. Bogorodica), old and new monastery buildings as well as a church built in recent times. The monastery of church St. Bogorodica (Holy Mother of God) is a small cave church situated high in the rocks on the west coast of the Lake Ohrid. It is assumed that this cave church was built in the 15th century and was used as ascetic temple for monks.
The frescos of the Macedonian-Slavonic educators Cyril and Methodius take a significant place on the northern wall of the church.
A fair dedicated to the Holy Mother of God, as a religious tradition is being held within the monastery complex, every 21st September.
THE CAVE CHURCH OF ST.SPAS - THE VILLAGE OF VISHNI
The cave church of St. Spas in the village of Vishni takes an important place among the cultural-historical monuments in Struga and the Struga region. Its features are the huge dimensions and its location in a picturesque valley under the village of Gorna Belica.
The cave church of St. Spas is believed to have had rich a decorative system dating from the 15th century. The last remaining of the rich decorative system is the composition of the Holy Mother and numerous standing saints, which is characteristic for this church.
THE CAVE CHURCH OF ST. ATANASIJA - THE VILLAGE OF KALISHTA
The biggest ensemble of paintings from the Middle-Ages in the Struga region is saved in the cave church of St. Atanasija, located close to the monastery complex of Kalishta. The frescos of this church date from 14th century.
THE CAVE CHURCH OF ST. ARHANGEL MIHAIL - THE VILLAGE OF RADOZDA
The church dedicated to St. Archangel Michael is situated high in the rocks above the village of Radozda, in a natural cave.
One fresco, painted at the end of 13th century can be immediately noticed at the entrance. That is a fresco which represents a scene from the cycle of Archangel Michael – “the wonder in Chonae”. The Archangel Michael is represented in the place called Chonae-his temple, as he opens the rocks and redirects the muddy waters that the pagans directed to the healing source of the saint, and makes them disappear. This rare scene is among the oldest presentations of the “Wonder in Chonae” in fresco painting in the entire Christian art.
The newest researches confirm the fact that this cave church is one of the oldest cave churches discovered so far on the shores of Lake Ohrid, since one recent discovery revealed frescos from as far as the 11th century.
ST. BOGORODICA PRECISTA (ROYAL CHURCS) - THE VILLAGE OF VRANISHTA
This church, built in the 9th or 10th century is the only oriental basilica, three-nave with one two-sided roof. The central nave received the daylight through the windows of the altar apse and in the lateral (south and north) walls of the basilica. The mystic atmosphere created in the interior by this type of illumination connects this basilica to the Orient, as opposed to other basilicas in Macedonia, where their central nave is lighted through the windows on its own lateral walls. The three naves had apses on the eastern exterior wall.
Judging by the material the church was built of (limestone for the walls and ceilings, brought from a great distance, and bricks for the arcs), and especially by the shape of the naves and their apses, and according to the legend that Tsar Samoil was crowned here, the local population calls it "The Royal Church" even today. This tells us that this church dates back to Samoil’s time. At the moment, it is the only monument in Macedonia, besides the cathedral church of St. Sofia in Ohrid and St. Achiles in Prespa that is connected with the period of Tsar Samoil, with great certainty.
EARLY CHRISTIAN BASILICA IN THE VILLAGE OF OKTISI, RADOLISHTA AND DELOGOZDA
The above-mentioned basilicas in the villages of Oktisi, Radolishta and Delogozda are monuments of great importance for the cultural history of the town of Struga and Struga region.
They are among the most important monuments in the Struga region. Their decorative floor mosaics are an extraordinary proof for the cultural life of the local citizens in the period before the arrival of the Slavs in this part of the Balkan. Some of these monuments are important for their architecture, others for their mosaics and decoration, and some for the architecture and the decoration at the same time. Basilicas that have floor mosaic with such rare composition which represents the entrance of paradise, as the Oktisi basilica have , or the presentation of the eel as a characteristic fish for the Struga region the basilica in Radolishta have are not found so often.
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